浅谈混凝土膨胀剂的应用

通过对混凝土膨胀剂的品种、性能及应用的论述,进而提出影响膨胀混凝土质量的因素及预防措施.     

应用生物药剂防治舞毒蛾的研究

在2003年,在内蒙古林区利用舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒、BtMP-342、性引诱剂和植物制剂等多种生物措施对舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar L.)进行防治试验.利用两种浓度(2.632×106 PIB·mL-1 and 2.632×107 PIB·mL-1)的舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫进行喷洒试验,防治效果分别达到70%和77.8%.BtMP0-342被用于舞毒蛾3、4龄幼虫的防治,防治效果达80%.性引诱剂在诱捕舞毒蛾成虫时也显示了良好的效果.自制的植物性杀虫剂是从大兴安岭地区有毒植物中提取的植物性杀虫活性物质,对舞毒蛾的幼虫具有良好的防治效果,在实验室内应用原液防治舞毒蛾3,5龄幼虫的效果达82%.     

Effects of five additive materials on mechanical and dimensional properties of wood cement-bonded boards

There is a growing desire to improve the properties and use of nonwood plant materials as supplements to wood materials for wood cement-bonded boards (WCBs). This study was conducted to determine the comparative properties of WCBs containing various amounts of discontinuous inorganic fiber materials, such as alkali-resistant glass fiber, normal glass fiber, mineral wool, and nonwood plant materials such as retted flax straw and wheat straw particles. Tested cement-bonded boards were made at wood/additive compositions of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 (weight percentages). Seventy-eight laboratory-scale WCBs were produced. Various board properties, such as the modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding strength (IB), water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), and linear expansion (LE), were studied. The test results showed that three types of discontinuous inorganic fiber used as reinforcing materials in composites significantly enhanced and modified the performance of WCBs. The mechanical properties and dimensional stability of cement-bonded board were significantly improved with increasing amounts of the additives. MOR and IB were increased; and WA, TS, and LE of boards were reduced by combination with the inorganic fiber materials. The results also indicated that combination with retted flax straw particles only slightly increased the MOR of boards, and wheat straw particles led to marked decreases in all the mechanical properties and the dimensional stability of WCBs.Part of this report was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000     

微波处理对稻草表面特性的影响

利用FEIXG型电子自旋共振波谱仪和Nicolet Nexus 670型傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)研究了微波处理对稻草表面特性的影响。研究结果表明,经微波处理后的稻草表面自由基浓度显著增加,最高可以达到处理前自由基浓度的7倍左右。且随着处理时间的延长和微波强度的增加,稻草表面自由基浓度的增加幅度有所上升。经微波处理后,稻草外表面的化学成分(包括SiO2、羟基、木素和纤维素)变化都不明显,而稻草内表面SiO2略有减少,羟基显著增加,木素和纤维素也有一定变化。微波处理可以改善稻草内表面的特性,使之比外表面更具活性,有利于稻草与胶黏剂之间的交联。     

原料表面碱液处理对稻草碎料板力学性能的影响

在实验室条件下探索了稻草原料表面碱液处理对稻草碎料板力学性能的影响.试验表明,处理后的稻草碎料板的内结合强度比处理前有大幅度提高,弯曲弹性模量和静曲强度比处理前则有所下降,但都达到了相关的国家标准;2h吸水厚度膨胀率升高,超过国家标准.因此稻草表面碱液处理提高了稻草原料表面润湿性和胶合强度,但对稻草碎料板的力学性能有影响.     

麦秆表面硅含量分布的研究

利用ESCA研究了麦秆表面在不同温度下和经氩离子刻蚀后Si元素含量的变化。结果表明：在麦秆横切面上，Si元素含量中间层（接近麦秆外表面）含量较高；随着温度的升高，麦秆表面Si元素含量先降低而后增加，在选定的几个温度中，170℃和220℃时Si含量最低；麦秆表面经氩离子刻蚀后，由外及里，随着氩刻的加深，Si含量呈现升高趋势。麦秆中Si元素存在的化学环境与聚甲基硅氧烷中Si的化学环境比较接近。     

草菇床栽料面保湿对菌丝生长和生物效率的影响

在西双版纳6～7月,对草菇菇房空间及菇床料面的喷雾温水保湿试验结果:喷30～45℃温水可保持料面湿润,促进培菌期草菇菌丝生长,促进出菇,不影响幼菇蕾生长,喷温水后菇产量为对照(菇床料面不喷温水)的280%～332%。     

森林重泡沫施用技术的研究

本文描述了在林缘草地施用森林重泡沫灭火剂技术，同时介绍了森林重泡沫灭火剂的质量问题，该剂的特点是稳定性好，抗风力强，并一具有良好的附着力，渗透性和抗烧性。     

麦秸/聚氨酯复合人造板的工艺对其吸声系数的影响研究

通过变化麦秸和聚氨酯的比例、麦秸/聚氨酯复合人造板的密度、以及发泡温度,研究了麦秸/聚氨酯复合人造板在不同的声波频率下的吸声系数。试验结果表明:在不同的声波频率下,发泡温度的高低对麦秸/聚氨酯复合人造板的吸声系数有不同的影响;麦秸/聚氨酯复合人造板的密度与其吸声系数的大小关系密切;在声波频率为250～4 000Hz区域内,麦秸和聚氨酯的比例对麦秸/聚氨酯复合人造板的吸声系数影响较大。     

硫酸盐草浆黑液制粉状活性炭的研究

本文探讨硫酸盐草浆纸厂黑液的治理和利用,提出用酸化法从黑液中沉析木素制取粉状活性炭。大约生产10t草浆可制取1t优质粉状活性炭。同时还含有占总碱量24%的Na_2S可回收。排出的废液即使不再经过处理,其污染程度也已大大降低。